Rome

$306+ Cheap flights from Dulles Intl (IAD) to Rome (ROM)

This is the cheapest one-way flight price found by a Cheapflights user in the last 72 hours by searching for a flight departing on 7/8. Fares are subject to change and may not be available on all flights or dates of travel.
IAD — ROM
apr 2 — apr 91
We work with more than 300 partners to bring you better travel deals

Find cheap flights from Dulles Intl to Rome with Cheapflights

1. Tell us where you want to go
Enter your travel information like dates, passengers, trip type (one-way or round trip), and preferred cabin class then click “Find deals”
2. Select your favorite providers
We find the providers serving your travel needs. Choose up to four travel providers to compare side-by-side for flights, hotels, or car rentals.
3. Compare prices and book
Review each provider’s pricing and select the best option for you! Book through your favorite provider’s website for a seamless experience.

Cheapflights Tip: The best prices from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl to Rome are usually found in January or February, booked 16 days in advance, depart on a Monday or Tuesday and return on a Wednesday

Cheap flight deals from Dulles Intl to Rome

Discover tips and strategies to find the most affordable flight options for your journey from Dulles Intl (IAD) to Rome (ROM). Learn about various techniques such as flexible date searches, comparing prices across and setting up price alerts. Use these methods to find the cheapest flights available for your travel needs. Data last updated marzo 28, 2025.

Most accurate provider

FlightHub
3 stars

Most trusted provider

FlightHub
3 stars

Round-trip from

$579
(Trip.com)

One-way from

$331
(Kiwi.com)

Popular in

June

Cheapest in

January

Average price

$730

Good round-trip deal

$844 or less

Good one-way deal

$613 or less
Provider with most accurate pricing for Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl-Rome (ROM) flight deals.
Provider most trusted by Cheapflights users for Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl-Rome (ROM) flights.
From Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl to Rome (ROM)
One-way flight from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl to Rome (ROM)
Highest demand for flights based on searches. 17% potential increase in price ($184 potential increase over avg. RT price).
Cheapest flight prices on average. 2% potential price decrease ($22 potential savings vs. average RT price).
Average for round-trip flights in March 2025
Price to beat on a round-trip flight from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl to Rome (ROM).
Price to beat on a one-way flight from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl to Rome (ROM).

Find flight deals from Dulles Intl to Rome

Cheapest flights from Dulles Intl to Rome
Explore the most affordable flight options available from Dulles Intl to Rome. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on marzo 28, 2025.

This Scandinavian Airlines deal was found by Cheapflights users on 3/27. Clicking the “Pick Dates” button in this card will allow you to select your dates and further customize your flight criteria. From there, click “Find deals”, make sure Scandinavian Airlines is selected, and click “Compare selected” under the list of providers to see comparable flight deals.
ven 8/2210:05 pmIAD - FCO
1 stop31h 00mScandinavian Airlines
ven 9/57:35 pmFCO - IAD
1 stop30h 24mScandinavian Airlines
Deal found 3/27$575
This oojo deal was found by Cheapflights users on 3/27. Clicking the “Pick Dates” button in this card will allow you to select your dates and further customize your flight criteria. From there, click “Find deals”, make sure oojo is selected, and click “Compare selected” under the list of providers to see comparable flight deals.
mar 4/14:30 pmIAD - FCO
Nonstop8h 45mITA Airways
mar 4/810:40 amFCO - IAD
Nonstop10h 00mITA Airways
Deal found 3/27$585
This FlightHub deal was found by Cheapflights users on 3/27. Clicking the “Pick Dates” button in this card will allow you to select your dates and further customize your flight criteria. From there, click “Find deals”, make sure FlightHub is selected, and click “Compare selected” under the list of providers to see comparable flight deals.
lun 4/2810:20 pmIAD - FCO
1 stop14h 40mTAP AIR PORTUGAL
mer 5/145:45 pmFCO - IAD
1 stop27h 35mTAP AIR PORTUGAL
Deal found 3/27$599
This Mytrip deal was found by Cheapflights users on 3/27. Clicking the “Pick Dates” button in this card will allow you to select your dates and further customize your flight criteria. From there, click “Find deals”, make sure Mytrip is selected, and click “Compare selected” under the list of providers to see comparable flight deals.
lun 5/510:05 pmIAD - FCO
2 stops16h 00mMultiple Airlines
lun 5/129:10 pmFCO - IAD
2 stops28h 49mMultiple Airlines
Deal found 3/27$602
This KLM deal was found by Cheapflights users on 3/27. Clicking the “Pick Dates” button in this card will allow you to select your dates and further customize your flight criteria. From there, click “Find deals”, make sure KLM is selected, and click “Compare selected” under the list of providers to see comparable flight deals.
dom 11/912:30 pmIAD - FCO
1 stop12h 35mKLM
lun 11/2412:45 pmFCO - IAD
1 stop14h 35mKLM
Deal found 3/27$621
This Delta deal was found by Cheapflights users on 3/27. Clicking the “Pick Dates” button in this card will allow you to select your dates and further customize your flight criteria. From there, click “Find deals”, make sure Delta is selected, and click “Compare selected” under the list of providers to see comparable flight deals.
mer 4/212:15 pmIAD - FCO
1 stop15h 50mDelta
sab 4/1210:10 amFCO - IAD
1 stop15h 31mDelta
Deal found 3/27$628
This oojo deal was found by Cheapflights users on 3/27. Clicking the “Pick Dates” button in this card will allow you to select your dates and further customize your flight criteria. From there, click “Find deals”, make sure oojo is selected, and click “Compare selected” under the list of providers to see comparable flight deals.
ven 3/289:40 pmIAD - FCO
1 stop13h 30mRoyal Air Maroc
ven 4/412:55 pmFCO - IAD
1 stop12h 10mRoyal Air Maroc
Deal found 3/27$640
This oojo deal was found by Cheapflights users on 3/27. Clicking the “Pick Dates” button in this card will allow you to select your dates and further customize your flight criteria. From there, click “Find deals”, make sure oojo is selected, and click “Compare selected” under the list of providers to see comparable flight deals.
dom 4/201:30 pmIAD - FCO
1 stop22h 50mTurkish Airlines
ven 5/27:55 pmFCO - IAD
1 stop21h 50mTurkish Airlines
Deal found 3/27$691
This Air France deal was found by Cheapflights users on 3/26. Clicking the “Pick Dates” button in this card will allow you to select your dates and further customize your flight criteria. From there, click “Find deals”, make sure Air France is selected, and click “Compare selected” under the list of providers to see comparable flight deals.
sab 5/39:20 pmIAD - FCO
1 stop12h 40mAir France
sab 5/1011:35 amFCO - IAD
1 stop15h 59mAir France
Deal found 3/26$726
This Mytrip deal was found by Cheapflights users on 3/27. Clicking the “Pick Dates” button in this card will allow you to select your dates and further customize your flight criteria. From there, click “Find deals”, make sure Mytrip is selected, and click “Compare selected” under the list of providers to see comparable flight deals.
mar 4/295:35 pmIAD - CIA
2 stops21h 50mMultiple Airlines
mer 5/149:50 pmCIA - IAD
2 stops24h 25mMultiple Airlines
Deal found 3/27$796

Cheapflights Fare Finder

Customize your flight search to find flights from Dulles Intl to Rome that fit within your specific budget. Explore options based on user searches and filter the results based on your desired price range. Find flights that match your budget for a cost-effective journey. Over the last 7 days, Cheapflights users made 2,558,603 searches. Data last updated marzo 28, 2025.
Use the filters below to find and compare flights from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome that are best for you.

Fly from

Dulles Intl

Fly to

Rome

Route

Depart

Return

Price

Washington, D.C.Rome

IAD - FCO

IADFCO

Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl

sab 8/23

10:05 pm-11:05 am

1 stop31h 00m

Rome Fiumicino

dom 8/31

8:50 pm-7:59 pm

2 stops29h 09m

$574

Washington, D.C.Rome

IAD - FCO

IADFCO

Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl

lun 4/28

10:20 pm-12:10 am

1 stop19h 50m

Rome Fiumicino

gio 5/8

5:55 am-3:20 pm

1 stop15h 25m

$599

Washington, D.C.Rome

IAD - FCO

IADFCO

Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl

lun 5/5

10:05 pm-8:05 pm

2 stops16h 00m

Rome Fiumicino

lun 5/12

9:10 pm-7:59 pm

2 stops28h 49m

$602

Washington, D.C.Rome

IAD - FCO

IADFCO

Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl

dom 4/6

1:48 pm-11:05 am

1 stop15h 17m

Rome Fiumicino

dom 4/13

11:35 am-9:23 pm

1 stop15h 48m

$628

Washington, D.C.Rome

IAD - FCO

IADFCO

Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl

mar 4/8

10:06 am-7:35 am

1 stop15h 29m

Rome Fiumicino

mer 4/23

9:45 am-12:25 am

1 stop20h 40m

$668

Washington, D.C.Rome

IAD - FCO

IADFCO

Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl

sab 4/19

4:30 pm-7:15 am

Nonstop8h 45m

Rome Fiumicino

sab 5/3

10:40 am-2:40 pm

Nonstop10h 00m

$679

Washington, D.C.Rome

IAD - FCO

IADFCO

Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl

dom 4/20

9:40 pm-6:20 pm

1 stop14h 40m

Rome Fiumicino

mer 4/30

7:00 am-11:45 am

1 stop34h 45m

$686

Washington, D.C.Rome

IAD - FCO

IADFCO

Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl

sab 5/3

9:20 pm-4:00 pm

1 stop12h 40m

Rome Fiumicino

sab 5/10

11:35 am-9:34 pm

1 stop15h 59m

$726

Washington, D.C.Rome

IAD - CIA

IADCIA

Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl

mar 4/29

5:35 pm-9:25 pm

2 stops21h 50m

Rome Ciampino

mer 5/14

9:50 pm-4:15 pm

2 stops24h 25m

$796

Washington, D.C.Rome

IAD - FCO

IADFCO

Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl

mar 7/8

1:29 pm-12:20 am

2 stops28h 51m

$306

Flights are sorted by cheapest round-trip flights first.

Deals found on 3/27

Showing 1-10 of 21 results
1
2
3

Compare providers for flights from Dulles Intl to Rome

Provider information is updated monthly. Please note that these providers often have deals for this flight, but the availability may vary on a day-by-day basis on Cheapflights.
Use the table below to compare price accuracy, trust ratings, and cancellation policies for each provider offering flight deals from Dulles Intl to Rome in March.
ProviderPrice AccuracyTrust Score*
ExpediaPrice Accuracy1 starTrust Score*3 stars
AranGrantPrice Accuracy3 starsTrust Score*1 star
FlightHubPrice Accuracy3 starsTrust Score*3 stars
eDreamsPrice Accuracy3 starsTrust Score*3 stars
oojoPrice Accuracy3 starsTrust Score*2 stars
CheapfaremartPrice Accuracy-Trust Score*3 stars
CheapOairPrice Accuracy1 starTrust Score*3 stars
GurufarePrice Accuracy3 starsTrust Score*3 stars
CheapTicketsDealPrice Accuracy3 starsTrust Score*3 stars

*The Trust Score is based on feedback from users after their booking experience. It measures overall satisfaction, helping us identify issues like hidden fees, problems during the ticketing process, and the quality of customer service. This score is our best indicator of the provider's quality and reliability.

  • Most accurate provider: When it comes to deals on Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport-Rome flights, users find the pricing of FlightHub to be most consistent on Cheapflights vs. FlightHub Users can find the same prices on Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport-Rome flight deals on Cheapflights vs. FlightHub >95% of the time. Price accuracy is based on data collected from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport-Rome flight searches over the past month and is updated monthly.
  • Most trusted provider: When it comes to deals on Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport-Rome flights, Cheapflights users trust FlightHub the most. FlightHub has received a user feedback score of 3 out of 3 stars (3 being the best), meaning they have been trusted the most by Cheapflights users looking for Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport-Rome flight deals. Provider user feedback score is based on Cheapflights searches over the past month and is updated monthly.

The best insider tips for Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome flights

Snippets provided in this section are AI-generated based on a summarization of Cheapflights-commissioned articles. The articles are presented as-is, for general informational purposes only, and may not be up-to-date. The opinions contained in the articles are original to the author and reflect their authentic experience, which may vary significantly from the experience of others.
Cheapflights partnered with top experts to bring you the best recommendations for your Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome trip
Airports
IAD

Check-in at IAD can be crowded in the afternoon and evening. Arrive early to navigate the busy main terminal efficiently.

Read more about IADby Ramsey Qubein
FCO

The Leonardo Express train is the best way to reach central Rome from FCO, connecting to Termini Station in just 30 minutes.

Read more about FCOby Robert Schrader
Our travel experts
Robert Schrader

Robert Schrader

Expert on FCO

Robert Schrader

Robert Schrader

One of the web's original travel bloggers, Robert launched his first site Leave Your Daily Hell in 2009. Since then, he's expanded into destination niche sites (one each for Japan, Thailand and Taiwan), in addition to having written for the inflight magazines of Singapore Airlines and Korean Air. Overall, he's visited nearly 100 countries, and flies business as often as possible.

Read more
Ramsey Qubein

Ramsey Qubein

Expert on IAD

Ramsey Qubein

Ramsey Qubein

An avid traveler and aviation expert who has visited 173 countries, all 50 states and seven continents, Ramsey Qubein flies nearly 400,000 miles a year. As a North Carolina-based freelance journalist for publications including Conde Nast Traveler, Forbes, USA Today and Bloomberg among others, he explores the latest trends in aviation, hospitality, cruises and business.

Read more

Best time to book a flight from Dulles Intl to Rome

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to Rome from Dulles Intl with our price prediction graph.
Estimated round-trip price
Rates are based on past data. Find the cheapest month and day to book your flight based on your travel requirements, then search for cheap deals.

Cheapflights Insights

Everything you need to know about your flight from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome

How far ahead should I book a flight from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome?

Use this chart to determine the optimal time to book a round-trip flight from Dulles Intl to Rome. Price data was last updated on March 21, 2025.

Booking 16 days in advance of your planned departure date is, on average, the best time to get cheap flights from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome. The general trend is that the closer you book to the departure date, the more expensive your flight will be.

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome?

Currently, January is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome (average of $644). Flying from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome in June is currently the most expensive (average of $1,217). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.

What is the cheapest time of day to fly from IAD to ROM?

Find hourly flight availability from Dulles Intl to Rome. Discover flight options and departure times throughout the day, allowing you to choose a departure time that suits your schedule. Data last updated marzo 28, 2025.

It’s typically best to fly out from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome at noon. Doing so could potentially save you 56% on the flight price compared to flying in the evening, which is usually more expensive.

Rainfall in Rome by month

Plan your trip to Rome by taking into account the average rainfall totals by month.

In terms of precipitation, rainfall in Rome ranges from 0.6 - 4.4 inches per month. November is typically the wettest month, when rainfall can reach 4.4 in. June is typically the driest time to visit Rome when rainfall is around 0.6 in.

Temperature in Rome by month

Plan your trip to Rome by taking into account the average temperature totals by month.

If weather is an important factor for your trip to Rome, use this chart to help with planning. For those seeking warmer temperatures, August is the ideal time of year to visit, when temperatures reach an average of 75.2 F. Travelers looking to avoid the cold should look outside of January, when temperatures are typically at their lowest (around 46.4 F).

Reviews of airlines servicing Rome

Get insights into the airlines that provide service to Rome. Read reviews, discover amenities, and learn about the overall travel experience offered by airlines. Use this information to make informed decisions when choosing an airline for your flight to Rome. Reviews last updated marzo 28, 2025.
Get a feel of what it's like to fly with Delta, Porter Airlines and KLM from Washington, D.C. to Rome by reading reviews from past customers. In addition to providing an overall rating, users have also rated airlines in terms of entertainment options, comfort, food, crew/service, and boarding process.
8.0
Very good

Boarding

8.2

Comfort

8.0

Food

7.3

Entertainment

7.9

Crew

8.5

Overall

8.0

Reviews

1 / 20
10.0
Excellent

Aaron,Oct 2024

LAX - LHR

This was a flight operated by Virgin Atlantic in their Upper Class cabin. Overall, an outstanding experience.
8.0
Very good
8.0
Very good

Boarding

8.2

Comfort

8.0

Food

7.3

Entertainment

7.9

Crew

8.5

Overall

8.0

Reviews

1 / 20
10.0
Excellent

Aaron,Oct 2024

LAX - LHR

This was a flight operated by Virgin Atlantic in their Upper Class cabin. Overall, an outstanding experience.
8.0
Very good

Boarding

8.2

Comfort

8.0

Food

7.3

Entertainment

7.9

Crew

8.5

Overall

8.0

Reviews

1 / 20
10.0
Excellent

Aaron,Oct 2024

LAX - LHR

This was a flight operated by Virgin Atlantic in their Upper Class cabin. Overall, an outstanding experience.
8.0
Very good

Boarding

8.2

Comfort

8.0

Food

7.3

Entertainment

7.9

Crew

8.5

Overall

8.0

Reviews

1 / 20
10.0
Excellent

Aaron,Oct 2024

LAX - LHR

This was a flight operated by Virgin Atlantic in their Upper Class cabin. Overall, an outstanding experience.
8.0
Very good

Boarding

8.2

Comfort

8.0

Food

7.3

Entertainment

7.9

Crew

8.5

Overall

8.0

Reviews

1 / 20
10.0
Excellent

Aaron,Oct 2024

LAX - LHR

This was a flight operated by Virgin Atlantic in their Upper Class cabin. Overall, an outstanding experience.
8.0
Very good

Boarding

8.2

Comfort

8.0

Food

7.3

Entertainment

7.9

Crew

8.5

Overall

8.0

Reviews

1 / 20
10.0
Excellent

Aaron,Oct 2024

LAX - LHR

This was a flight operated by Virgin Atlantic in their Upper Class cabin. Overall, an outstanding experience.

Related info for your journey

Find useful and relevant information for your journey from Dulles Intl to Rome. Access travel guides, tips, and recommendations to enhance your travel experience. Get information about local attractions, weather, transportation options, and more.
  • What are the cheapest airlines flying from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome round-trip?

    Scandinavian Airlines, at $579, was found to be the cheapest airline from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome.Alternate airlines to your destination round-trip include ITA Airways and TAP AIR PORTUGAL. Scandinavian Airlines is currently priced 31% below the average price you’ll pay for this route.

  • What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome one-way?

    One-way options have recently been found by users for as low as $372 on Scandinavian Airlines. Other airlines that offer cheap prices include WestJet from $426 and Turkish Airlines from $436 one-way.

  • What are the most reliable airlines from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome?

    No one likes to see their flight delayed. When booking a flight from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome consider choosing Air Canada (61%), Austrian Airlines (61%) or Brussels Airlines (61%) as they are the most reliable in getting you off to your destination on time.

  • What are the cheapest flights from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome?

    On average you can expect to pay $1,965 for a flight from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome. The cheapest flight overall is $501 while the most popular route, (Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl - Rome Fiumicino) is currently priced at $435.

  • Where are the most common layover locations when flying from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome?

  • What are some popular things to do or see while on a layover in Copenhagen?

    Copenhagen travelers tend to visit Tivoli, Kongens Nytorv, and Rådhuspladsen more than anywhere else. Travelers on a layover in Copenhagen can visit Tivoli, Kongens Nytorv, and Rådhuspladsen, by traveling 5.3 mi, 5.1 mi, and 5.2 mi, respectively after landing at Kastrup Copenhagen. Those on a layover in Copenhagen in need of a rental car can book one at Kastrup Copenhagen for about $33.

  • What are some popular points of interest to see during a layover in Dublin?

    Most Dublin visitors opt to spend their time at Molly Malone Statue, St. Patrick's Cathedral, and Parnell Square. Molly Malone Statue, St. Patrick's Cathedral, and Parnell Square can be accessed by traveling approximately 5.8 mi, 6.1 mi, and 5.0 mi, respectively from Dublin. Travelers in need of a car in Dublin can rent one for about $21 per day.

  • Where are the least popular layover locations for Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome flights?

  • Can I find deals for flights from Dulles Intl to Rome that include hotel bookings?

    Yes. In addition to deals on Dulles Intl to Rome flights, Cheapflights offers vacation packages that include both flights and hotel.

  • How can I find direct flights from Dulles Intl to Rome?

    After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from Dulles Intl to Rome.

  • Can I find deals for business class flights from Dulles Intl to Rome?

    Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from Dulles Intl to Rome by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.

  • What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome?

    Currently, January is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome (average of $644). Flying from Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport to Rome in June is currently the most expensive (average of $1,217). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.

See more FAQs

Traveling to a place near Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport?

Book flights to Washington, D.C. Dulles Intl Airport if you plan to visit one of these locations
Fiumicino
Gaeta
Ciampino
Montepulciano
Ponza

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Toggle through the tabs below to find thousands of options on Cheapflights for your next trip.

Top 10 airlines flying from Dulles Intl to Rome

Discover the top 10 airlines that operate flights from Dulles Intl to Rome. Compare their services, reliability, and customer satisfaction ratings to choose the airline that best suits your travel preferences and needs. Over the last 7 days, Cheapflights users made 2,558,603 searches. Data last updated marzo 28, 2025.
AirlineCheapestAverageFlexibilityOn-time
Royal Air MarocCheapest$275Average$635FlexibilityNo cancel feeOn-time75%
IcelandairCheapest$434Average$683FlexibilityNo cancel feeOn-time76%
Scandinavian AirlinesCheapest$441Average$597FlexibilityNo cancel feeOn-time77%
KLMCheapest$481Average$874FlexibilityNo cancel feeOn-time75%
Air FranceCheapest$541Average$737FlexibilityNo cancel feeOn-time77%
British AirwaysCheapest$548Average$881FlexibilityNo cancel feeOn-time70%
Turkish AirlinesCheapest$551Average$647FlexibilityNo cancel feeOn-time77%
DeltaCheapest$564Average$994FlexibilityNo cancel feeOn-timeN/A
TAP AIR PORTUGALCheapest$587Average$825FlexibilityNo cancel feeOn-timeN/A
Aer LingusCheapest$628Average$862FlexibilityNo cancel feeOn-timeN/A
100% Free
Cheapflights is completely free to use, so you can start saving the moment you arrive.
Book with Flexibility
Our users can plan ahead with confidence and find flights with no change fees
Travel Smart
Millions of people come to us for their flight needs every year. We help make travel planning easy by providing useful insights and data-driven graphs that can inform your decisions.