What are the cheapest airlines flying from St. Louis to Cairo round-trip?

According to our current data, Royal Jordanian ($965), Qatar Airways ($991), and Lufthansa ($1,220) offers the cheapest pricing from St. Louis to Cairo. Royal Jordanian is 23% cheaper than the average price of flights available within the next 90 days to this destination.

What are the cheapest airlines to fly from St. Louis to Cairo one-way?

To fly one-way, consider booking your trip with Lufthansa, which is currently one of the cheapest options available, starting at $852. Brussels Airlines flights start at $856 while deals on United Airlines start at $866 one-way.

What are the most popular airlines that fly from St. Louis to Cairo?

Before booking your flight from St. Louis to Cairo check out the most popular airlines for this route: Air Canada, British Airways or Delta.

What is the cheapest day to fly round-trip from St. Louis to Cairo?

Users have found that flying from St. Louis to Cairo on a Sunday typically leans towards higher prices. However, this doesn’t mean you still can’t find a deal. Flexibility with other aspects of your flight can still land a great price for your trip.

How far in advance should I book a flight from St. Louis to Cairo?

When searching for a good deal, it’s best to be prepared for potential fluctuations in price. We recommend booking at least 29 days in advance, which can save you up to 13% on flights from St. Louis to Cairo compared to booking the week you need them. Waiting 29 days out may not be for everyone, so we have options available for flights within the next two weeks, with the lowest price starting at $1,146. For sooner than that we have options available in the next 3 days from $1,146.

What is the cheapest month to fly from St. Louis to Cairo?

Due to multiple factors, expect to potentially pay more when booking in July. For low rates, September can be a great choice for travel to Cairo. Flights to Cairo from St. Louis in September are about $1,261 on average during September, but can be found for as low as $940.

Most accurate provider : When it comes to deals on St. Louis-Cairo flights, users find the pricing of FlightHub to be most consistent on Cheapflights vs. FlightHub Users can find the same prices on St. Louis-Cairo flight deals on Cheapflights vs. FlightHub >95% of the time. Price accuracy is based on data collected from St. Louis-Cairo flight searches over the past month and is updated monthly.

Most trusted provider : When it comes to deals on St. Louis-Cairo flights, Cheapflights users trust FlightHub the most. FlightHub has received a user feedback score of 3 out of 3 stars (3 being the best), meaning they have been trusted the most by Cheapflights users looking for St. Louis-Cairo flight deals. Provider user feedback score is based on Cheapflights searches over the past month and is updated monthly.

Can I find deals for flights from St. Louis to Cairo that include hotel bookings?

Yes. In addition to deals on St. Louis to Cairo flights, Cheapflights offers vacation packages that include both flights and hotel.

How can I find direct flights from St. Louis to Cairo?

After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from St. Louis to Cairo.

Can I find deals for business class flights from St. Louis to Cairo?

Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from St. Louis to Cairo by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.

$580+ Flights from St. Louis to Cairo

Home Search by date Vacation packages Hotels Flight deals Car rental Travel tips & news

Find cheap flights from St. Louis to Cairo with Cheapflights

1. Tell us where you want to go

Enter your travel information like dates, passengers, trip type (one-way or round trip), and preferred cabin class then click “Find deals”

2. Select your favorite providers

We find the providers serving your travel needs. Choose up to four travel providers to compare side-by-side for flights, hotels, or car rentals.

3. Compare prices and book

Review each provider’s pricing and select the best option for you! Book through your favorite provider’s website for a seamless experience.

Cheapflights Tip: The best prices from Lambert-St Louis to Cairo are usually found in September or February, booked 71 days in advance, depart on a Sunday or Saturday and return on a Saturday

Cheap flight deals from St. Louis to Cairo

Most accurate provider	FlightHub 3 stars
Most trusted provider	FlightHub 3 stars
Round-trip from	$965 (Ovago)
One-way from	$580 (Kiwi.com)
Popular in	July
Cheapest in	September
Average price	$1,158

Provider with most accurate pricing for Lambert-St Louis-Cairo flight deals.

Search Deals

Provider most trusted by Cheapflights users for Lambert-St Louis-Cairo flights.

Search Deals

From Lambert-St Louis to Cairo

Search Deals

One-way flight from Lambert-St Louis to Cairo

Search Deals

Highest demand for flights based on searches. 16% potential increase in price ($245 potential increase over avg. RT price).

Search Deals

Cheapest flight prices on average. 2% potential price decrease ($28 potential savings vs. average RT price).

Search Deals

Average for round-trip flights in March 2025

Search Deals

Find flight deals from St. Louis to Cairo

Cheapest flights from St. Louis to Cairo
Explore the most affordable flight options available from St. Louis to Cairo. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on March 28, 2025.

Wed 10/82:49 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops25h 01mQatar Airways

Mon 10/132:05 amCAI - STL

2 stops25h 56mQatar Airways

Deal found 3/27

$951

Thu 4/103:29 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops32h 21mRoyal Jordanian

Sat 4/262:05 pmCAI - STL

2 stops41h 28mRoyal Jordanian

Deal found 3/27

$965

Fri 3/285:33 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops23h 42mLufthansa

Wed 4/94:10 amCAI - STL

2 stops18h 37mLufthansa

Deal found 3/26

$1,127

Fri 3/285:33 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops23h 42mMultiple Airlines

Sat 4/125:00 pmCAI - STL

2 stops29h 47mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/27

$1,130

Fri 4/253:40 pmSTL - CAI

3 stops51h 30mUnited Airlines

Fri 5/24:25 pmCAI - STL

2 stops35h 33mUnited Airlines

Deal found 3/26

$1,215

Sat 5/176:00 amSTL - CAI

2 stops35h 30mDelta

Wed 5/283:30 amCAI - STL

2 stops25h 09mDelta

Deal found 3/26

$1,246

Thu 5/151:59 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops19h 06mAmerican Airlines

Thu 5/227:25 amCAI - STL

2 stops22h 27mAmerican Airlines

Deal found 3/26

$1,275

Sat 5/177:30 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops21h 50mIberia

Thu 5/2911:20 pmCAI - STL

2 stops32h 31mIberia

Deal found 3/26

$1,331

Fri 10/174:05 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops27h 25mAir Canada

Sat 11/11:45 amCAI - STL

3 stops25h 40mAir Canada

Deal found 3/26

$2,371

Mon 5/264:15 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops25h 05mBritish Airways

Thu 6/57:25 amCAI - STL

2 stops24h 29mBritish Airways

Deal found 3/26

$4,277

Mon 5/263:35 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops21h 10mTurkish Airlines

Wed 6/42:10 amCAI - STL

2 stops28h 35mTurkish Airlines

Deal found 3/26

$4,299

Best flights from St. Louis to Cairo
Discover carefully curated flight deals from St. Louis to Cairo that have cost, travel time, and layovers in mind to ensure you get the best travel experience. Data last updated March 28, 2025.

Thu 4/103:29 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops32h 21mRoyal Jordanian

Sat 4/262:05 pmCAI - STL

2 stops41h 28mRoyal Jordanian

Deal found 3/28

$965

Fri 9/196:06 amSTL - CAI

2 stops33h 44mQatar Airways

Fri 9/262:05 amCAI - STL

2 stops29h 20mQatar Airways

Deal found 3/26

$991

Fri 9/193:30 pmSTL - CAI

1 stop15h 55mMultiple Airlines

Fri 9/263:40 amCAI - STL

2 stops25h 30mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/26

$1,207

Fri 9/195:30 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops24h 50mLufthansa

Sat 9/274:25 pmCAI - STL

1 stop29h 05mLufthansa

Deal found 3/26

$1,220

Thu 5/151:59 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops19h 06mAmerican Airlines

Thu 5/227:25 amCAI - STL

2 stops22h 27mAmerican Airlines

Deal found 3/26

$1,275

Wed 6/411:32 amSTL - CAI

2 stops29h 58mDelta

Sat 6/283:30 amCAI - STL

2 stops28h 12mDelta

Deal found 3/28

$1,408

Tue 6/35:00 amSTL - CAI

2 stops32h 55mUnited Airlines

Wed 6/185:10 amCAI - STL

3 stops25h 05mUnited Airlines

Deal found 3/28

$1,446

Last-minute flights from St. Louis to Cairo
Discover last-minute flight deals from St. Louis to Cairo. Data last updated March 28, 2025 and is based on user searches.

Fri 3/285:33 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops23h 42mLufthansa

Wed 4/94:10 amCAI - STL

2 stops18h 37mLufthansa

Deal found 3/26

$1,127

Fri 3/285:33 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops23h 42mMultiple Airlines

Sat 4/125:00 pmCAI - STL

2 stops29h 47mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/27

$1,130

Thu 4/103:29 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops32h 21mRoyal Jordanian

Sat 4/262:05 pmCAI - STL

2 stops41h 28mRoyal Jordanian

Deal found 3/27

$965

Sun 4/207:35 amSTL - CAI

2 stops32h 15mQatar Airways

Sun 5/112:05 amCAI - STL

2 stops28h 14mQatar Airways

Deal found 3/25

$988

Sun 4/207:25 amSTL - CAI

3 stops43h 40mEmirates

Sun 4/272:45 amCAI - STL

2 stops39h 11mEmirates

Deal found 3/26

$10,616

Fri 4/253:40 pmSTL - CAI

3 stops51h 30mUnited Airlines

Fri 5/24:25 pmCAI - STL

2 stops35h 33mUnited Airlines

Deal found 3/26

$1,215

One-way flights from St. Louis to Cairo
Search for one-way flight options from St. Louis to Cairo. Find affordable one-way fares based on user searches. Data last updated March 28, 2025.

Sun 6/155:45 pmSTL - CAI

3 stops58h 50mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/26

$580

Sat 6/145:27 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops19h 13mLufthansa

Deal found 3/26

$852

Wed 6/181:00 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops24h 05mBrussels Airlines

Deal found 3/26

$856

Thu 6/121:30 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops24h 25mUnited Airlines

Deal found 3/26

$866

Sun 5/251:30 pmSTL - CAI

2 stops29h 40mAir Canada

Deal found 3/26

$877

Cheapflights Fare Finder

Use the filters below to find and compare flights from St. Louis to Cairo that are best for you.

Fly from

Fly to

Route

Depart

Return

Price

St. LouisCairo

STL - CAI

STLCAI

Lambert-St Louis

Thu 4/10

3:29 pm-6:50 am

2 stops32h 21m

Cairo

Sat 4/26

2:05 pm-11:33 pm

2 stops41h 28m

$965

St. LouisCairo

STL - CAI

STLCAI

Lambert-St Louis

Fri 9/19

6:06 am-11:50 pm

2 stops33h 44m

Cairo

Fri 9/26

2:05 am-11:25 pm

2 stops29h 20m

$991

St. LouisCairo

STL - CAI

STLCAI

Lambert-St Louis

Fri 9/19

3:30 pm-3:25 pm

1 stop15h 55m

Cairo

Fri 9/26

3:40 am-9:10 pm

2 stops25h 30m

$1,207

St. LouisCairo

STL - CAI

STLCAI

Lambert-St Louis

Fri 9/19

5:30 pm-2:20 am

2 stops24h 50m

Cairo

Sat 9/27

4:25 pm-1:30 pm

1 stop29h 05m

$1,220

St. LouisCairo

STL - CAI

STLCAI

Lambert-St Louis

Thu 5/15

1:59 pm-5:05 pm

2 stops19h 06m

Cairo

Thu 5/22

7:25 am-9:52 pm

2 stops22h 27m

$1,275

St. LouisCairo

STL - CAI

STLCAI

Lambert-St Louis

Wed 6/4

5:27 pm-9:55 pm

2 stops44h 28m

Cairo

Sun 6/29

10:25 am-9:35 pm

2 stops43h 10m

$1,451

St. LouisCairo

STL - CAI

STLCAI

Lambert-St Louis

Sun 5/25

1:30 pm-3:10 am

2 stops29h 40m

$877

St. LouisCairo

STL - CAI

STLCAI

Lambert-St Louis

Sun 5/25

3:30 pm-3:10 am

1 stop27h 40m

$995

Flights are sorted by cheapest round-trip flights first.

Deals found on 3/27

Compare providers for flights from St. Louis to Cairo

Use the table below to compare price accuracy, trust ratings, and cancellation policies for each provider offering flight deals from St. Louis to Cairo in March.

Provider	Price Accuracy	Trust Score*
Expedia	Price Accuracy1 star	Trust Score*3 stars
FlightHub	Price Accuracy3 stars	Trust Score*3 stars
eDreams	Price Accuracy3 stars	Trust Score*3 stars
AranGrant	Price Accuracy3 stars	Trust Score*1 star

*The Trust Score is based on feedback from users after their booking experience. It measures overall satisfaction, helping us identify issues like hidden fees, problems during the ticketing process, and the quality of customer service. This score is our best indicator of the provider's quality and reliability.

Most accurate provider: When it comes to deals on St. Louis-Cairo flights, users find the pricing of FlightHub to be most consistent on Cheapflights vs. FlightHub Users can find the same prices on St. Louis-Cairo flight deals on Cheapflights vs. FlightHub >95% of the time. Price accuracy is based on data collected from St. Louis-Cairo flight searches over the past month and is updated monthly.
Most trusted provider: When it comes to deals on St. Louis-Cairo flights, Cheapflights users trust FlightHub the most. FlightHub has received a user feedback score of 3 out of 3 stars (3 being the best), meaning they have been trusted the most by Cheapflights users looking for St. Louis-Cairo flight deals. Provider user feedback score is based on Cheapflights searches over the past month and is updated monthly.

Best time to book a flight from St. Louis to Cairo

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to Cairo from St. Louis with our price prediction graph.

Estimated round-trip price

Rates are based on past data. Find the cheapest month and day to book your flight based on your travel requirements, then search for cheap deals.

Cheapflights Insights

Everything you need to know about your flight from St. Louis to Cairo

How far ahead should I book a flight from St. Louis to Cairo?

The best time to book flights from St. Louis to Cairo is 70 days before your desired departure date. The cost of your flight will likely increase significantly if you book two weeks in advance of your flight.

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from St. Louis to Cairo?

Currently, November is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from St. Louis to Cairo (average of $797). Flying from St. Louis to Cairo in June is currently the most expensive (average of $1,310). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.

What is the cheapest time of day to fly from STL to CAI?

When flying from St. Louis to Cairo, the time of day you fly usually plays a role in the price. Save by searching for a flight in the afternoon, which can drop the price by up to 13% versus a flight at noon.

What is the cheapest day to fly from St. Louis to Cairo?

Travelers seeking maximum savings on their St. Louis to Cairo flight should consider departing on Tuesday at noon when fares are most often at their lowest. Wednesday at noon flights should be avoided if possible as fares are typically the most expensive at this time.

Rainfall in Cairo by month

In terms of precipitation, rainfall in Cairo ranges from 0.0 - 0.0 inches per month. January is typically the wettest month, when rainfall can reach 0.0 in. January is typically the driest time to visit Cairo when rainfall is around 0.0 in.

Temperature in Cairo by month

If weather is an important factor for your trip to Cairo, use this chart to help with planning. For those seeking warmer temperatures, July is the ideal time of year to visit, when temperatures reach an average of 82.4 F. Travelers looking to avoid the cold should look outside of January, when temperatures are typically at their lowest (around 55.4 F).

Reviews of airlines servicing Cairo

Delta

8.0

Very good

7,896 reviews

Reviews

1 / 20

10.0

Excellent

Aaron,Oct 2024

LAX - LHR

This was a flight operated by Virgin Atlantic in their Upper Class cabin. Overall, an outstanding experience.

Delta

8.0

Very good

7,896 reviews

Delta

8.0

Very good

7,896 reviews

Reviews

1 / 20

10.0

Excellent

Aaron,Oct 2024

LAX - LHR

This was a flight operated by Virgin Atlantic in their Upper Class cabin. Overall, an outstanding experience.

Qatar Airways

7.4

Good

3,538 reviews

Delta

8.0

Very good

7,896 reviews

Reviews

1 / 20

10.0

Excellent

Aaron,Oct 2024

LAX - LHR

This was a flight operated by Virgin Atlantic in their Upper Class cabin. Overall, an outstanding experience.

United Airlines

7.4

Good

8,603 reviews

Delta

8.0

Very good

7,896 reviews

Reviews

1 / 20

10.0

Excellent

Aaron,Oct 2024

LAX - LHR

This was a flight operated by Virgin Atlantic in their Upper Class cabin. Overall, an outstanding experience.

Brussels Airlines

7.4

Good

344 reviews

Delta

8.0

Very good

7,896 reviews

Reviews

1 / 20

10.0

Excellent

Aaron,Oct 2024

LAX - LHR

This was a flight operated by Virgin Atlantic in their Upper Class cabin. Overall, an outstanding experience.

American Airlines

7.2

Good

10,000 reviews

Delta

8.0

Very good

7,896 reviews

Reviews

1 / 20

10.0

Excellent

Aaron,Oct 2024

LAX - LHR

This was a flight operated by Virgin Atlantic in their Upper Class cabin. Overall, an outstanding experience.

Related info for your journey

What are the cheapest airlines flying from St. Louis to Cairo round-trip?
According to our current data, Royal Jordanian ($965), Qatar Airways ($991), and Lufthansa ($1,220) offers the cheapest pricing from St. Louis to Cairo. Royal Jordanian is 23% cheaper than the average price of flights available within the next 90 days to this destination.
What are the cheapest airlines to fly from St. Louis to Cairo one-way?
To fly one-way, consider booking your trip with Lufthansa, which is currently one of the cheapest options available, starting at $852. Brussels Airlines flights start at $856 while deals on United Airlines start at $866 one-way.
Can I find deals for flights from St. Louis to Cairo that include hotel bookings?
Yes. In addition to deals on St. Louis to Cairo flights, Cheapflights offers vacation packages that include both flights and hotel.
How can I find direct flights from St. Louis to Cairo?
After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from St. Louis to Cairo.
Can I find deals for business class flights from St. Louis to Cairo?
Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from St. Louis to Cairo by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.
What is the cheapest month to book a flight from St. Louis to Cairo?
Currently, November is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from St. Louis to Cairo (average of $797). Flying from St. Louis to Cairo in June is currently the most expensive (average of $1,310). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.

See more FAQs

Ain Sokhna

New Cairo

Port Said

6th of October City

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Alternative routes for St. Louis to Cairo

Kansas City to Cairo flights

Springfield to Cairo flights

Kansas City to Hurghada flights

Kansas City to Sharm el-Sheikh flights

Other flights to Cairo

Top 6 airlines flying from St. Louis to Cairo

Airline	Cheapest	Average	Flexibility	On-time
Delta	Cheapest$607	Average$1,388	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-timeN/A
United Airlines	Cheapest$831	Average$1,189	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time69%
Qatar Airways	Cheapest$910	Average$984	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time68%
Lufthansa	Cheapest$1,144	Average$1,237	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time76%
British Airways	Cheapest$1,161	Average$1,496	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time70%
Air Canada	Cheapest$1,386	Average$1,444	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time67%

100% Free

Cheapflights is completely free to use, so you can start saving the moment you arrive.

Book with Flexibility

Our users can plan ahead with confidence and find flights with no change fees

Travel Smart

Millions of people come to us for their flight needs every year. We help make travel planning easy by providing useful insights and data-driven graphs that can inform your decisions.

$580+ Cheap flights from St. Louis (STL) to Cairo (CAI)

This is the cheapest one-way flight price found by a Cheapflights user in the last 72 hours by searching for a flight departing on 6/15. Fares are subject to change and may not be available on all flights or dates of travel.

Find cheap flights from St. Louis to Cairo with Cheapflights

1. Tell us where you want to go

2. Select your favorite providers

3. Compare prices and book

Cheapflights Tip: The best prices from Lambert-St Louis to Cairo are usually found in September or February, booked 71 days in advance, depart on a Sunday or Saturday and return on a Saturday

Cheap flight deals from St. Louis to Cairo

Most accurate provider

Most trusted provider

Round-trip from

One-way from

Popular in

Cheapest in

Average price

Find flight deals from St. Louis to Cairo

Cheapest flights from St. Louis to CairoExplore the most affordable flight options available from St. Louis to Cairo. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on March 28, 2025.

Explore the most affordable flight options available from St. Louis to Cairo. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on March 28, 2025.

Cheapflights Fare Finder

Use the filters below to find and compare flights from St. Louis to Cairo that are best for you.

Compare providers for flights from St. Louis to Cairo

Provider information is updated monthly. Please note that these providers often have deals for this flight, but the availability may vary on a day-by-day basis on Cheapflights.

Use the table below to compare price accuracy, trust ratings, and cancellation policies for each provider offering flight deals from St. Louis to Cairo in March.

Best time to book a flight from St. Louis to Cairo

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to Cairo from St. Louis with our price prediction graph.

Cheapflights Insights

Everything you need to know about your flight from St. Louis to Cairo

How far ahead should I book a flight from St. Louis to Cairo?

Use this chart to determine the optimal time to book a round-trip flight from St. Louis to Cairo. Price data was last updated on March 21, 2025.

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from St. Louis to Cairo?

What is the cheapest time of day to fly from STL to CAI?

Find hourly flight availability from St. Louis to Cairo. Discover flight options and departure times throughout the day, allowing you to choose a departure time that suits your schedule. Data last updated March 28, 2025.

What is the cheapest day to fly from St. Louis to Cairo?

Use this chart to determine the cheapest time to fly round-trip from St. Louis to Cairo. Price data was last updated on December 16, 2024.

Rainfall in Cairo by month

Plan your trip to Cairo by taking into account the average rainfall totals by month.

Temperature in Cairo by month

Plan your trip to Cairo by taking into account the average temperature totals by month.

Reviews of airlines servicing Cairo

Get insights into the airlines that provide service to Cairo. Read reviews, discover amenities, and learn about the overall travel experience offered by airlines. Use this information to make informed decisions when choosing an airline for your flight to Cairo. Reviews last updated March 28, 2025.

Related info for your journey

Find useful and relevant information for your journey from St. Louis to Cairo. Access travel guides, tips, and recommendations to enhance your travel experience. Get information about local attractions, weather, transportation options, and more.

What are the cheapest airlines flying from St. Louis to Cairo round-trip?

What are the cheapest airlines to fly from St. Louis to Cairo one-way?

Can I find deals for flights from St. Louis to Cairo that include hotel bookings?

How can I find direct flights from St. Louis to Cairo?

Can I find deals for business class flights from St. Louis to Cairo?

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from St. Louis to Cairo?

Traveling to a place near St. Louis?

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Toggle through the tabs below to find thousands of options on Cheapflights for your next trip.

Alternative routes for St. Louis to Cairo

See prices for flight routes from nearby airports that may be better suited for you.

Top 6 airlines flying from St. Louis to Cairo

100% Free

Book with Flexibility

Travel Smart

Cheapest flights from St. Louis to Cairo
Explore the most affordable flight options available from St. Louis to Cairo. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on March 28, 2025.